{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Unbreakable: The Spirit of the Strike","provider_url":"https:\/\/1919strike.lib.umanitoba.ca","title":"Where - Unbreakable: The Spirit of the Strike","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"P3PM6uPMfY\"><a href=\"https:\/\/1919strike.lib.umanitoba.ca\/index.php\/where\/\">Where<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/1919strike.lib.umanitoba.ca\/index.php\/where\/embed\/#?secret=P3PM6uPMfY\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;Where&#8221; &#8212; Unbreakable: The Spirit of the Strike\" data-secret=\"P3PM6uPMfY\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(c,d){\"use strict\";var e=!1,o=!1;if(d.querySelector)if(c.addEventListener)e=!0;if(c.wp=c.wp||{},c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage);else if(c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if(!t);else if(!(t.secret||t.message||t.value));else if(\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret));else{for(var r,s,a,i=d.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),n=d.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),l=0;l<n.length;l++)n[l].style.display=\"none\";for(l=0;l<i.length;l++)if(r=i[l],e.source!==r.contentWindow);else{if(r.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message){if(1e3<(s=parseInt(t.value,10)))s=1e3;else if(~~s<200)s=200;r.height=s}if(\"link\"===t.message)if(s=d.createElement(\"a\"),a=d.createElement(\"a\"),s.href=r.getAttribute(\"src\"),a.href=t.value,!o.test(a.protocol));else if(a.host===s.host)if(d.activeElement===r)c.top.location.href=t.value}}},e)c.addEventListener(\"message\",c.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),d.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",t,!1),c.addEventListener(\"load\",t,!1);function t(){if(o);else{o=!0;for(var e,t,r,s=-1!==navigator.appVersion.indexOf(\"MSIE 10\"),a=!!navigator.userAgent.match(\/Trident.*rv:11\\.\/),i=d.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),n=0;n<i.length;n++){if(!(r=(t=i[n]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\")))r=Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,10),t.src+=\"#?secret=\"+r,t.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",r);if(s||a)(e=t.cloneNode(!0)).removeAttribute(\"security\"),t.parentNode.replaceChild(e,t);t.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:r},\"*\")}}}}(window,document);\n<\/script>\n","description":"In 1919, the City of Winnipeg was not the City of Winnipeg it is today. Prior to 1972, regions such as St. Boniface, Fort Garry, and St. James were their own municipalities, each with their own City Councils and administrative systems, though there was some overlap. All of Greater Winnipeg and the locations showcased below are in Treaty One territory, the lands of the Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota and Den\u00e9 peoples, and on the homeland of the M\u00e9tis Nation. It is important to acknowledge that all aspects of the General Strike took place on stolen lands whose rightful occupants were removed by force and without consent. Geography served as a key place of contention during the strike. Various places within Winnipeg became associated with the different &#8220;sides&#8221; of the conflict. These associations factored heavily into the narratives and propaganda about the strike and those involved. These narratives shaped people&#8217;s views and opinions and, as such, understanding place is crucial to understanding the strike itself. Crowd of people on Portage &amp; Main during the June 10 Riot. Winnipeg Tribune Photograph Collection. UMASC. Special Police marching west down Portage from Main Street, June 10 Riot. Winnipeg Tribune Photograph Collection. UMASC. Special police and militia on Bloody Saturday at Portage and Main. Winnipeg Tribune Photograph Collection. UMASC. A 1910 map of Winnipeg, showing many areas where the strike unfolded. UMASC. Previous Next Board of Trade\/Industrial Bureau In 1911, the Industrial Bureau Exposition Building was constructed on land formerly occupied by the Manitoba Hotel. The construction experienced some delays due to a dispute between the Plasters\u2019 Union and the Builders\u2019 Exchange over the latter hiring carpenters to do plastering work for half the price. The Industrial Bureau was an organization that collected and distributed statistics and information on Winnipeg business. The new building at 269 Main Street at Water Street (now William Stephenson Way), would offer space to various tenants, including the Winnipeg Board of Trade,&nbsp;incorporated in 1879 under its first president, A.G.B. Bannatyne.&nbsp;Its new premises in the Industrial Bureau building&nbsp;were further utilized as a location for patriotic gatherings during the war and consequently, its grounds were suggested as a possible space for a war memorial following the First World War. Starting in May of 1919, the building acted in part as the headquarters of the Citizens\u2019 Committee of One Thousand, who occupied the building and held meetings at all hours of the day throughout the strike. Headquarters were advertised to readers of the Winnipeg Citizen, who were informed that offices, such as the Citizens\u2019 Employment Information Bureau, could be found in the Board of Trade Building. In the midst of the strike, a sign briefly went up on June 2, 1919, more publicly marking the building as the headquarters of the Committee. It was taken down that same day in protest by veterans marching towards St. Boniface on their way back from a meeting with Premier Norris at the Legislative Building. In June, the Committee also held daily prayer meetings in the building with the aim of ending the strike. However, from the perspective of Western Labor News, \u201cWhen the doctor says there is no hope, the priest is sent for\u2026 It will now be in order for the committee of 1,000 to confess its sins, pray for mercy, and pass away.\u201d (Western Labor News, June 4, 1919). Based on the outcome of the strike, this perspective did not hold true. Throughout the strike, there was much debate between the Citizens\u2019 Committee of One Thousand and the strikers on whether the Board of Trade was synonymous with the Citizens\u2019 Committee. No conclusive evidence corroborating or disproving these claims was ever presented. While the building often hosted the anti-labour Citizens\u2019 Committee, following the strike, the building did open its doors to pro-labour events and speakers. Its auditorium held a gathering in July 1919, led by strike leader Fred Dixon to discuss the ongoing immigration hearings of some of the arrested strikers. The Board of Trade also invited pro-labour speakers \u2013 Alderman Robinson and H. G. Veitch of the Trades and Labor Council. Immediately following the Strike, in July of 1919, the Winnipeg Board of Trade amalgamated with the Winnipeg Industrial Bureau. The newly merged organization inherited the Board of Trade name, and amended the latter organization\u2019s charter and bylaws. The new Winnipeg Board of Trade was described as \u201cthe largest and most representative body of its kind in the Dominion of Canada.\u201d (Winnipeg Tribune, April 3, 1920) and continued to act as a meeting space for all Winnipeggers, hosting approximately 1,500 meetings per year.&nbsp; Click here to see former location on map. Image Source:&nbsp;Martin Berman Postcard Collection. COWA (vol. 1C) See also: Who: Citizens\u2019 Committee of One Thousand City Hall Winnipeg\u2019s City Hall in 1919, located on the West side of Main Street between Market and William Avenues, was the second of three City Halls that have stood in Winnipeg. The first was built in 1875, but was plagued with structural problems and required significant work just to keep the building standing. It was demolished in 1883 and a new one \u2013 often called the \u201cGingerbread House\u201d due to its distinctive look \u2013 was erected in 1886. However, this City Hall soon became inadequate, as Winnipeg\u2019s population grew from about 20,000 when the Gingerbread House was built to about 136,000 in 1911. It also didn\u2019t serve aesthetically, as the City began to embrace the \u201cCity Beautiful\u201d movement. A City Planning Commission recommended the construction of a new City Hall in 1913. A contest was held and a new design was chosen, but due to the 1913 recession and the outbreak of the First World War, the new building was never built. As the centre of Civic Government, City Hall played an important role during the General Strike as a meeting place for settlement negotiations. In addition to regularly scheduled Council sessions, many special and informal meetings of Council took place here, as Mayor Gray attempted to broach a settlement between the strikers and their employers. Representatives such as R.B. Russell and James Winning of the Strike Committee and A.J. Andrews, Isaac Pitblado, A.L. Crossin, and Travers Sweatman of the Citizens\u2019 Committee of One Thousand were at City Hall frequently. As well, strike leaders John Queen, A.A. Heaps, and E. Robinson conducted their work as Aldermen out of City Hall. City Hall was also a popular place to hold protests and rallies, both for and against the strike. Demonstrations were held outside City Hall on several occasions, particularly by returned soldiers.&nbsp; On May 31, 10,000 pro-strike returned soldiers marched to City Hall while Council was still in session, demanding the City rescind the ultimatum it had issued to the police to sign the Slave Pact or be fired. Council was suspended and Mayor Gray came out to meet the soldiers, but he was non-committal and the soldiers booed him. On June 4, anti-strike veterans held their own demonstration at City Hall in support of \u201cconstituted authority\u201d and against \u201cenemy aliens\u201d (Idiong 1997, MHS). Several other marches and demonstrations took place at City Hall throughout the strike. City Hall was also the scene of Bloody Saturday. People had gathered in front of City Hall for the silent parade the pro-strike soldiers had planned. As a streetcar operated by strikebreakers approached, the incensed crowd attempted to derail it. The Royal Northwest Mounted Police were on the scene and charged into the crowd on William Avenue after Gray read the Riot Act. They rode around Market Square and back to Main Street, where they shot and killed Mike Sokolowski. During the violence, City Hall became a triage centre, as many of the injured were brought to Mayor Gray\u2019s office to have their wounds treated by Dr. J.H. Leeming, the City\u2019s bacteriologist. After the strike, the pre-war plan for a new City Hall was never acted on and the building began to decay. The tower had to be removed in 1961 as it had started to crumble \u2013 falling plaster nearly hit a passersby in 1958 (City of Winnipeg). It was finally demolished in 1962 to make way for the current Civic Centre, in which a model of the Gingerbread House is still on display. Click here to see former location on map. Image Source:&nbsp;Anti-strike veterans parading at City Hall holding signs against Bolshevism and \u201cenemy aliens\u201d. L.B. Foote fonds. AM. See also: Who: Government and Politicians Crescent Creamery Crescent Creamery was a local business in Winnipeg, producing milk, cream, butter, buttermilk and ice cream. First opened in 1904 on Lombard Street, the business quickly expanded, opening an ice cream and ice-making plant on Burnell Street in 1911. By 1913,&nbsp;the creamery was selling over 1,500,000 pounds of butter in Winnipeg, and based on the growing demand, they planned to open a dairy plant at their Burnell location. However, in 1914, they bought out&nbsp;their competitor \u2013 Carson\u2019s Hygienic Dairy Company, which already had a plant on Sherburn, prompting Crescent Creamery to open its new dairy plant at the former Carson facility in May of 1914, rather than building a new facility at Burnell Street. During the Strike, Crescent Creamery operated under General Manager and Director James Malcolm Carruthers, the co-founder of the creamery, alongside Robert Arthur Rogers. Carruthers was credited for coming up with the idea to place placards on milk delivery trucks authorizing the deliveries by permission of the Strike Committee.&nbsp; When the Strike Committee called creamery workers to walk off the job on June 4, Crescent Creamery was one of two dairy companies that provided milk to the Special Food Committee that City Council had created.&nbsp;On June 9, 1919, Crescent Creamery printed an advertisement in the Tribune, reminding its milk drivers that they were under an agreement not to walk out on sympathetic strike. All employees were called to return to work by 3 pm on June 10, after which time, any employees still unaccounted for would be replaced, with hiring priority given to returned soldiers.&nbsp;On June 17, ten men were arrested near Crescent Creamery for intimidation. The incident was reported in various media sources, included Western Labor News, which stated that the men were simply standing&nbsp; on Portage Avenue, near the premises of Crescent Creamery, when a police car pulled up. Officers with revolvers and bludgeons promptly arrested the men (Western Labor News, June 18, 1919).&nbsp;The Winnipeg Tribune, on the other hand, stated that the men were former employees of Crescent Creamery, picketing near the business and threatening current employees, with one picketer warning a driver not to come into work the following day, as his delivery truck would most likely be \u201csmashed up\u201d (Winnipeg Tribune, June 17, 1919). Following the strike, Crescent Creamery\u2019s Sherburn location was bought out by the Crescent Pure Milk Company on December 31, 1919. Crescent Creamery still manufactured ice cream at this time, but this location became Hignell Printing in the early 1940s.&nbsp;Over the years, it was sold to many businesses, including Modern Dairies, Beatrice Foods, and finally Parmalat.&nbsp; Click here to see former Burnell location on map. Click here to see former Sherburn location on map. Image Source:&nbsp;Crescent Creamery Sherburn plant. COWA. Committee on Public Health and Welfare (A587 File 2133[1]). Hell&#8217;s Alley On June 21, 1919, an unassuming alley between James and Market Avenues quickly became an escape route for many strikers when shots rang out on Main Street. Special Police followed suit, trapping the fleeing crowd. A skirmish broke out in what would shortly be known as Hell\u2019s Alley. Bricks were thrown by the crowd, batons were used by the Special Police. The fight went on only for approximately 10 minutes, but at the end of it, the Special Police, who had later claimed that the event \u201chad trench action in France beaten\u201d (Winnipeg Tribune, June 23, 1919) had renamed the alley accordingly. Very little about this event is known, other than what was reported by the Winnipeg Tribune, which was known to have an anti-strike bias. Today, what used to be Hell\u2019s Alley is covered by the Centennial...","thumbnail_url":"http:\/\/1919strike.lib.umanitoba.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/UM_PC18_A81-12_070_7188_021_0001-500x330.jpg"}